How xanthan gum is made

Xanthan gum is a widely used food additive that is commonly found in a variety of products, including salad dressings, sauces, and baked goods. This polysaccharide is produced through a fermentation process by a strain of bacteria known as Xanthomonas campestris. In this article, we will take a closer look at how xanthan gum is made.

The process for making xanthan gum begins with the injection of Xanthomonas campestris bacteria in a nutrient-rich medium. The bacteria are then allowed to grow and multiply, producing xanthan gum as they consume sugar. During the fermentation process, the bacteria produce a complex polysaccharide that is made up of long chains of glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid molecules.

Once the fermentation process is complete, the xanthan gum is recovered from the bacterial cells and purified. The recovery process typically involves several steps, including filtration, washing, and drying. The first step in the recovery process is to separate the bacterial cells from the liquid medium. This is typically done using a centrifuge or a filter.

Once the bacterial cells have been separated, the xanthan gum is purified by washing it with water to remove any remaining impurities. After washing, the xanthan gum is dried to remove any remaining water. The drying process can be done through several methods, including spray drying or drum drying.

Once the xanthan gum has been dried, it is packaged in bags or containers and shipped to customers. The final product is a fine, white powder that is odorless and tasteless.

It's worth noting that the exact process for producing xanthan gum can vary depending on the manufacturer. Some manufacturers may use slightly different fermentation conditions or purification methods. However, regardless of the specific process used, the resulting xanthan gum should be chemically and structurally identical.

In conclusion, xanthan gum is a versatile food additive that is produced through a fermentation process by the Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. The recovery and purification process involves several steps, including filtration, washing, and drying. Despite the variations in the manufacturing process, the resulting xanthan gum is a fine, white powder that is widely used in the food industry for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties.